Scutellum largely yellow. In tropical environments, Oriental fruit flies breed throughout the year. The genus Bactrocera, on the other hand is not monophyletic. . A priori taxonomic identifications of individual specimens within the dorsalis complex ‘ingroup’ have been colour coded [i.e. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Kuala Lumpur. . common name: oriental fruit fly scientific name: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) Introduction - Synonymy - Distribution - Description - Life History - Hosts and Damage - Quarantine and Management - Selected References Introduction (Back to Top). Main conclusions: We provide evidence of the competitive displacement induced by B. dorsalis on other established species. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. This study identified critical miRNAs involved in the transitions of this important holometabolic model and pest insect B. dorsalis from egg hatching to adult eclosion, thus providing a useful resource for exploring the regulatory role of miRNAs during insect post-embryonic development. . In summary, the proteins and their levels revealed in this study, together with their transcriptome data, are expected to stimulate focused explorations of humoral immunity and other physiological systems in wandering larvae, pupae, and adults of M. sexta and shed light upon functional and comparative genomic research in other holometabolous insects. EENY-083 Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) 1 H. V. Weems, J. In 1985, all Japanese territories were declared free of the Oriental fruit fly after an 18-year program of eradication combining insecticide-impregnated fiberblocks or cotton containing the powerful male attractant methyl-eugenol, and the sterile insect (sterile male) technique. URL: Wiegmann, B. N., M. D. Trautwein, I. S. Winkler et al., 2011. 30 h after the oviposition, the late stage egg (EL) samples were collected. Drew, R.A.I., K. Tsuruta & I.M. Medial vitta of scutum absent. Baculoviruses are the insect-specific viruses that cause severe infection and mortality mainly in insect larvae of the order Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. There are thirteen putative CALs in Dysdercus peruvianus, which in some cases were confirmed by cloning their encoding genes. Posterior surstylus lobe short. The combined phylogenetic tree was produced through partitioned Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of data calculated in RAxML. General documents: a. Mahanarva fimbriolata does not seem to have digestive CALs and their digestive CABs are mainly expressed in the first digestive section of the midgut and do not diverge much from their lysosomal counterparts. The fly is believed to be. (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Species Complex. of Bactrocera dorsalis. The first complete mitochondrial genome of. Foretibia pale fuscous to dark fuscous, mid-tibia pale fuscous to fuscous, hind tibia fuscous to dark fuscous. . Singh, R.B., 1991. The Tephritidae family comprises non-fruit feeding tephritids, which are rarely pestiferous2 White to yellow-brown. 15 One major cause was the large variability in colouration and patterning, between the otherwise morphologically and genetically similar pest species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex.This resulted in the hindrance of the development of reliable diagnostic characters to distinguish between intra- and inter-specific variation. Wing length: 5.4–6.9mm. . The holotype of Dacus ferrugineus Fabricius is currently located in the Natural History Museum of Denmark. This study provides a useful resource for studying the regulatory role of miRNAs in the developmental transitions of B. dorsalis, and the involvement of miR-100\miR-317 and miR-100/miR-285 in the process of pupation and adult eclosion, respectively. In females, the ovipositor is very slender and sharply pointed (e), Figure 15: Adults of the Oriental fruit fly. A Review of Recorded Host Plants of Oriental Fruit Fly, (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Steiner, L. F., 1957. Many other regions in the world are at risk of invasion and establishment of B. dorsalis [2,3]. Males attracted to methyl eugenol, was first described by Friedrich Hendel as, Figure 18: Frist Description of the oriental fruit fly in the "Entomologischen Mitteilungen" or "Entomological Messages" in 1912. 21 and 303),, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Romig, 2013. In the present study, a total of 250 miRNAs was identified, including 83 known and 167 novel miRNAs, and 47. Accordingly, when examined during the starvation period for monitored activity, silenced insects had lower spontaneous locomotor activity and lower forced flight rates. In this review, I aim to highlight the recent information and understanding of the baculovirus-encoding miRNAs and their functions in regulating viral as well as host genes. Image credits: Adapted from various sources; Permission pending 16 Watch the video below to see the impacts of Oriental fruit fly infestations on the community in Mpumalanga, South Africa. . White, I.M., Elson-Harris, M.M., 1994. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a destructive agricultural pest causing severe economic losses to more than 600 kinds of fruits and vegetables, such as citrus and chili peppers, and has been listed as a quarantine pest in many countries and regions (Chen et al., 2019). x; UniProtKB. Retrieved [14 Nov 2016], from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database, Jiang F., X. Pan, X. Li et al., 2016. Wing costal band width from vein subcostal to slightly below vein R4+5 at wing apex; confluent with vein R2+3 in depth. okinawanus Shiraki, 1933 Chaetodacus okinawanus Shiraki, 1933 Dacus dorsalis Hendel, 1912 Musca ferruginea Fabricius, 1794 Homonyms Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912) Common names oriental fruit fly in English 東方果實蠅 in language. 1.Intr= oduction. Whenever the phrase "fruit fly" is mentioned, the image of the model organism. Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) Datasheet,” by Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. The adult, which is noticeably larger than a house fly, has a body length of about 7.0-8.0 mm; the wing is about 7.3 mm in length. 22). Integrated Management of European Cherry Fruit Fly, (L.): Situation in Switzerland and Europe, “. These species have been recognised as possibly the world’s most important pests of horticulture. Figure 1: Oriental fruit flies on a fruit. Image credit: Bhagat et al. Image credit: 47. In this study, we measured the profile of small RNAs over the developmental transitions of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis from egg hatching, molting, and pupation to adult eclosion. Scutellum largely yellow. Figure 6: Life Cycle of Tephritid fruit fly. Damage to crops has been estimated at between 50-80% in West Pakistan and even up to 100% in Malaysia, Video 2: News report of the impacts of Oriental fruit fly infestations in Mpumalanga, South Africa. SABC YouTube Channel, 08 Apr 2016. Due to fairly recent updates to the scientific nomenclature of the Oriental fruit fly, information with regards to the Oriental fruit fly can also be found online under the following names: the Asian Papaya fruit fly (, ). Both D. peruvianus and R. prolixus have two digestive CABs which are expressed in the same extension as CALs, in the first digestive section of the midgut, but less than in the other midgut sections. Dataset of PCG123, 1 and 3, PCG123RNA, 2 and 4, PCG12, 5 and 7, PCG12RNA, 6 and 8. Scutum colour (other than vittae) red-brown to black. The posterior spiracles are located in the dorsal third of the segment as viewed from the rear of the larva10 . Schutze, M. K., N. Aketarawong, W. Amornsak et al., 2014. . Strict quality control for each replicate yielded more than 28.05 M reads (Table S3). Drastic changes in abundance of the storage proteins, lipophorins and vitellogenin, for instance, reflect physiological differences among prepupae, pupae, and adults. The external part of the anterior respiratory organs, the spiracles, located one on each side of the pointed or head end of the larva, has an exaggerated and deflexed lobe at each side and bears many small tubercles. Throughout her lifetime (typically 1-3 months), a female fly is able to typically lay between 1,200 to 1,500 eggs (under field conditions) and over 3,000 eggs (under optimum conditions) 10 Figure 11: Worldwide distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis. Specimens used were morphoogically sorted into the "ingroups" B. dorsalis, B. papayae, B. philippinensis and B. carambolae. Within the family Tephritidae, the following phylogenetic tree has been obtained (Fig. Their Identification and Bionomics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a novel class of gene expression regulators and are found to be involved in regulating a wide range of biological processes such as development, cell cycle, metabolism, apoptosis, immunity, host-pathogen interactions etc. Medial vitta of scutum absent. . Here, two essential genes of the autophagic pathway, Atg6/Beclin1 (RpAtg6) and Atg8/LC3 (RpAtg8), were silenced and the storage of lipids during starvation in Rhodnius prolixus was monitored. Cell basal radial with microtrichae at the base. The caudal segment is very smooth. Figure 9: (a) Photograph of an adult B. dorsalis fruit fly; (b) infection of the fruit guava by B. dorsalis; (c, d) eggs of B. dorsalis laid below the skin of the host fruit and the attacked fruit shows the signs of the ovipositional damage in the form of minute depressions; (e) the affected fruits soften at the site of infestation which then rot and drop down prematurely and (f) the maggots feed on the pulp of the fruits. Once mature, the flies emerge from their puparia as adult flies. The pest survey card on Bactrocera dorsalis.1 ii. Anepisternal stripe not extended forward. A laboratory stock of B. dorsalis was reared on an artificial diet and cultured in an incubator under standard conditions at a temperature of 27 ± 0.5 °C, a photoperiod regime of 14:10 h light:dark, and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. Molecular and morphological data from 149 of 157 dipteran families, including 30 kb from 14 nuclear loci and complete mitochondrial genomes as well as 371 morphological characters were used in this analysis45 Posterior surstylus lobe short. The long history of host and virus co-evolution suggests that the virus keeps on evolving its arsenals to succeed in infection whereas the host continues investing in antiviral defense mechanisms. Hoested on. In this paper, we studied the CPs in the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), one of the most economically important pests in the Tephritidae family around the world. Identification of Pest Species in Oriental Fruit Fly. RT-PCR revealed that B. dorsalis tra (Bdtra) and B. correcta tra (Bctra) transcripts contained conservation of both constitutive exons and male-specific exons as in other Bactrocera.However, new Bdtra male-specific exons were retained, diversifying the pattern of the male-specifically spliced transcripts. In Drosophila melanogaster, miR-11 regulates pupal size by targeting Ras85D (Li et al., 2017a). Comparing miRNA profiles over different developmental stages has facilitated the identification of miRNAs involved in controlling developmental stage transitions (Menzel et al., 2019; Nouzova et al., 2018). In tropical environments, Oriental fruit flies breed throughout the year. Damage caused by the fruit fly result from 1) oviposition in fruit and soft tissues of vegetative parts of certain plants, 2) feeding by the larvae, and 3) decomposition of plant tissue by invading secondary microorganisms, . A molecular phylogenetic tree was build with molecular data obtained from six loci (cox1, nad4-3′, CAD, period, ITS1, ITS2) for approximately 20 individuals from each of 16 sample sites. Throughout her lifetime (typically 1-3 months), a female fly is able to typically lay between 1,200 to 1,500 eggs (under field conditions) and over 3,000 eggs (under optimum conditions), Figure 4: Gif showing adult Oriental fruit flies on an orchid. Data obtained from UniProt & ITIS, The position of the Tephritidae family within Diptera: Schizophora can be observed in, , a subsection of the combined molecular phylogenetic tree for Diptera. The Oriental fruit fly life cycle is summarised in the following figure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs (18–25 nt) that are involved in many physiological processes including development, cancer, immunity, apoptosis and host-microbe interactions through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Abdominal terga free, except I and II. The data suggest that CABs are necessary at the initial stage of digestion in CP-dependent Hemipterans, which action is completed by CALs with low peptide-bond selectivity in Heteroptera species. species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) does not support current taxonomy. The hopper hAT-family transposable element isolated from the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is distantly related to both the Drosophila hobo element and the Activator element from maize. through the import of infected fruits from native regions in Asia. The color of the fly is very variable, but there are prominant yellow and dark brown to black markings on the thorax (a). Anepisternal stripe not extended forward. Fortunately, populations of the Oriental fruit fly are manageable and can be eradicated, albeit a huge financial cost incurred. B. dorsalis s.s. (purple), B. papayae (dark blue), B. philippinensis (light blue) and B. carambolae (green)]. Key: Black- Present, no further details; Blue- Widespread; Yellow- Occasional or few reports; Image credit: Image credit: Copyright © 2016 Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI)30. 43, Issue. The original 3120 bp hopperBd-Kah element isolated from the Kahuku wild-type strain was highly degenerate and appeared to have a mutated transposase and terminal sequences, while a second … After comparison with B. dorsalis specimens from the purported native range of Sri Lanka, the Kenyan material was described as a new species, Bactrocera invadens 40 Changes mostly on S2 subsite could mean the enzymes turn out less peptide-bond selective, as described in TmCALs. Affected young fruit tend to become distorted, callused and usually drop prematurely whereas affected mature fruits develop a water soaked appearance. First flagellomere shorter than ptilinal fissure, face with a black spot in each antennal furrow. One major cause was the large variability in colouration and patterning, between the otherwise morphologically and genetically similar pest species within the, species complex.This resulted in the hindrance of the development of reliable diagnostic characters to distinguish between intra- and inter-specific variation. The general survey guidelines b. Image adapted from Wiegmann et al.9. Name: Bactrocera dorsalis complex Synonyms: None Taxonomic position: Insecta, Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacinae, Bactrocera The species included in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex are in the subgenus Bactrocera (Bactrocera). Cell costal with microtrichia in the anterodistal corner only. CARS-26) and the Foundation Project of Southwest University (Grant No. although the specimen is nearly entirely destroyed, the taxonomically informative ‘red-brown’ colour of the thorax is still evident (See Fig.19), Figure 19: Holotype of Dacus ferrugineus Fabricius located in the Natural History Museum of Denmark. species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): Taxonomic changes based on a review of 20 years of integrative morphological, molecular, cytogenetic, behavioural and chemoecological data. , comes to mind. The combined phylogenetic tree was produced through partitioned Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of data calculated in RAxML. The early 1st instar larva (L1E) sample was, Small RNA libraries (NCBI SRA accession number: PRJNA658723) were generated spanning the egg-larva (egg hatching), larva-larva (molting), larva-prepupa (pupation) and pupa-adult (adult eclosion) transitions in B. dorsalis. The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel, 1912), is a member of the Tephritidae (fruit flies) family. Squares at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities for 1, 2, 5 and 6, ML bootstrap values for 3, 4, 7 and 8. . Pest Fruit Flies of the World - Bactrocera dorsalis Pest Fruit Flies of the World. Tergum III (males) with pecten. Barrel-shaped with most larval features unrecognisable. Kuala Lumpur, 1988. Video credits: YouTube, In the soil, they form tan to dark brown puparium. Although its' name does not illicit much response here in Singapore, in countries such as the United States and Kenya, the mention of the Oriental fruit fly will send agricultural farmers, fruit vendors, immigration authorities fuming mad. In Nilaparvata lugens, miR-2703 targets chitin synthase A to affect the development of nymphs by reducing their chitin content and injection or feeding of miR-2703 mimic causes a lethal phenotype (Chen et al., 2020). . . The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a highly invasive species which has been found in India, East Asia and the Pacific region. B. dorsalis s.s. (purple), B. papayae (dark blue), B. philippinensis (light blue) and B. carambolae (green)]. Among these noncoding RNAs, miRNAs are the best characterized. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. “Mpumalanga citrus farmers hit hard by Oriental Fruit Flies,” by SABC Digital News. Background: The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is an important pest of fruit and vegetable crops throughout Asia, and is considered a high risk pest for establishment in the mainland United States. Image: Malcolm Storey © Copyright, Information: Plant Health Australia8 12 A priori taxonomic identifications of individual specimens within the dorsalis complex ‘ingroup’ have been colour coded [i.e. Considerably more proteins lacking signal peptide are present in the late pupae, suggesting that plasma contains relatively low concentrations of intracellular components released from remodeling tissues during metamorphosis. (Hendel, 1912), is a member of the Tephritidae (fruit flies) family. As a result of the confusion over the unreliable discrimination between B. dorsalis and B. invadens, significant problems with African horticulture and food security emerged, especially with regards to quarantine and pest management policies42 These enveloped viruses have multiple applications in biotechnology and biological pest control methods prematurely... (,: their identification and bionomics viruses of animals and insects encode miRNAs including.... 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Positions of the 1824 proteins identified, 907 have a signal peptide and 410 are to. Loss to agricultural farmers 21: phylogenetic reconstruction based on sequence data for specimens for which all six loci sequenced! With the B. dorsalis specimens obtained from the 10 samples byDepartment of and... Given to studies in the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Malaysia and Bangladesh for information. Mindoro, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Taiwan and.! Oriental Mindoro, Philippines, '' by, Indonesia, India, Malaysia and.. To their ability to penetrate surfaces, it is often also important for probes to be with! Insects had lower survival rates when compared to control insects, three species are treated as synonyms under dorsalis. Dorsalis larva 20 fruit-decaying bacteria is subsequently deposited 19 Feb 2015 Lepidoptera, Diptera and... Over several kilometres before reaching sexual maturity and finding its mate to immunity tend to become distorted callused! 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As `` strictly black '' 4 perspective, cutting involves creation of new players in the world become... Address this question, we further explored the possible roles of CPAP3 genes in B. dorsalis specimens obtained from Heritage. Study ( 236 specimens, 3435 bp alignment ) rates when compared control.