The major metropolitan area has a total surface area of 4,355 kilometers squared (1,681.5 square miles). [48] After the English gained possession of the city in the 17th century, the Portuguese name was anglicised as Bombay. Beaches are a major tourist attraction in the city. [49] Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi (1762) referred to the city as Manbai. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. [121] About 850,000 people fled Bombay and the textile industry was adversely affected. India Urban Population Currently, 34.5 % of the population of India is urban (471,828,295 people in 2019) Mumbai city is governed by Municipal Corporation and is situated in Mumbai Urban Region. [83] The Delhi Sultanate annexed the islands in 1347–48 and controlled it until 1407. [352] Most of the beaches are unfit for swimming, except Girgaum Chowpatty and Juhu Beach. [87][88] In 1493, Bahadur Khan Gilani of the Bahmani Sultanate attempted to conquer the islands but was defeated. [96] The Portuguese also built several fortifications around the city like the Bombay Castle, Castella de Aguada (Castelo da Aguada or Bandra Fort), and Madh Fort. [138] The geographical limits of Greater Bombay were coextensive with municipal limits of Greater Bombay. [119], The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 transformed Bombay into one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea. [33][34] Mumbai has the eighth-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world,[35] and Mumbai's billionaires had the highest average wealth of any city in the world in 2008. Mumbai is India’s richest city and home to a human population of around 20 million, but it also contains one of the largest protected urban forests in the world. [70] The city then was known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150 CE. Mumbai's trains transport approximately 6 million people a day, each train carrying triple the weight it was built for. The city offers a cosmopolitan and diverse lifestyle with a variety of food, entertainment, and night life, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other world capitals. Mumbai (English: /mʊmˈbaɪ/, Marathi: [ˈmumbəi]; also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. [391] Government Law College and Sydenham College, respectively the oldest law and commerce colleges in India, are based in Mumbai. [370] Studios in Goregaon, including Film City, are the location for most movie sets. The port and shipping industry is well established, with Mumbai Port being one of the oldest and most significant ports in India. The metropolitan area has experienced an explosion in growth over the past 20 years, a … The metropolitan area has experienced an explosion in growth over the past 20 years, a common occurrence with metropolitan areas in India. This gender imbalance is visible throughout Mumbai and is blamed on sex-selective abortions. [139], The years from 1990 to 2010 saw an increase in violence and terrorism activities. Bollywood, the Hindi film industry based in Mumbai, produces around 150–200 films every year. Currently, the world’s population is growing at a rate of approximately 1.07% per year. The total population of Mumbai UA/Metropolitan region is 18,394,912. [128], Following protests during the movement in which 105 people lost their lives in clashes with the police, Bombay State was reorganised on linguistic lines on 1 May 1960. Using the same yardstick, Delhi is now India’s largest “city.” [5] In this decade the population of Mumbai and Mumbai suburbs has grown to 20,038 and 20,925 persons per square kilometer respectively, making Mumbai one of the densest districts in the country. [366] Mumbai also has access to Commercial radio providers such as Sirius. Rugby is another growing sport in Mumbai with league matches being held at the Bombay Gymkhana from June to November. Mumbai, city, capital of Maharashtra state, southwestern India. [390] Grant Medical College established in 1845 and Seth G.S. The area of Bombay State increased, after several erstwhile princely states that joined the Indian union were integrated into the state. Due to a shortage of grounds, various modified versions (generally referred to as gully cricket) are played everywhere. [185][186] In December 2019, IIT Bombay, in partnership with the McKelvey School of Engineering of Washington University in St. Louis, launched the Aerosol and Air Quality Research Facility to study air pollution in Mumbai, among other Indian cities. [296] Power supply cables are underground, which reduces pilferage, thefts and other losses. [190] Although Mumbai had prominently figured as the hub of economic activity of India in the 1990s, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region is presently witnessing a reduction in its contribution to India's GDP. [167] The cooler season from December to February is followed by the hotter season from March to May. The powers of the commissioner are those provided by statute and those delegated by the corporation or the standing committee. ", "Relishing a Sunday feast, but only once in a year", The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island 1978, "Security, the central component of an early modern institutional matrix; 17th century Bombay's Economic Growth", International Society for New Institutional Economics, "Mazgaon fort was blown to pieces – 313 years ago", "BMC will give jobs to kin of Samyukta Maharashtra martyrs", "About Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)", "The Great Mumbai Textile Strike... 25 Years On", "From mills to malls, the sky is the limit", "Maharashtra may revisit redevelopment of textile mill land", "Profile of Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House (Nhava Sheva)", "HM announces measures to enhance security", "Mumbai blasts: Death toll rises to 26 - Hindustan Times", "Three bomb blasts in Mumbai, 18 dead, over 130 injured", "Mumbai a global financial centre? If approved, the track will be clubbed with a theme park and will spread over an area of some 160 to 200 ha (400 to 500 acres). Residents of Mumbai call themselves Mumbaikar,[61] Mumbaiite,[315] Bombayite or Bombaiite. [16][17] It has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India. Out of 1.2 billion people in India, only 69,000 are Parsis, and their numbers have been declining 12% a decade. News channels entirely dedicated to Mumbai include Sahara Samay Mumbai. The success of the British campaign in the Deccan marked the end of all attacks by native powers. Mumbai's urban population is estimated to be over 22 million, and the densely populated city is the largest in India in terms of population, trade activity and business. [168], Flooding during monsoon is a major problem for Mumbai. [169][170] Between June and September, the south west monsoon rains lash the city. A colloquial form of Hindi, known as Bambaiya – a blend of Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Konkani, Urdu, Indian English and some invented words – is spoken on the streets. [394], Mumbai is home to two prominent research institutions: the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), and the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database. Louis. There are approximately 5,000 businesses and 15,000 single-room factories in Dharavi. Social distancing is virtually impossible in the Mumbai slums, which packs a population similar to San Francisco into an area the size of Central Park. On 1 October 1990, the Greater Bombay district was bifurcated to form two revenue districts namely, Bombay City and Bombay Suburban, though they continued to be administered by same Municipal Administration. [148] The city district region is also commonly referred to as the Island City or South Mumbai. Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema[336]—Dadasaheb Phalke laid the foundations with silent movies followed by Marathi talkies—and the oldest film broadcast took place in the early 20th century. The city is also home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries. Mumbai has grown by 226,210 since 2015, which represents a 1.12% annual change. How quickly is it expanding? [24], The oldest known names for the city are Kakamuchee and Galajunkja; these are sometimes still used. [123][124], After India's independence in 1947, the territory of the Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. [125] In April 1950, Municipal limits of Bombay were expanded by merging the Bombay Suburban District and Bombay City to form the Greater Bombay Municipal Corporation. [109] The Portuguese presence ended in Bombay when the Marathas under Peshwa Baji Rao I captured Salsette in 1737, and Bassein in 1739. Mumbai city is governed by Municipal Corporation which comes under Mumbai Metropolitan Region.The Mumbai city is located in Maharashtra state of India. [212] Mumbai also has two lower courts, the small causes court for civil matters, and the sessions court for criminal cases. [118] During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city became the world's chief cotton-trading market, resulting in a boom in the economy that subsequently enhanced the city's stature. Mumbai, home to over 20 million people, has a fertility rate. [51], By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi. The metropolitan area has experienced an explosion in growth over the past 20 years, a common occurrence with metropolitan areas in India. For every 1,000 boys, there are just 899 girls. [46], Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690),[45][47] and Bon Bahia. [141] In 2008, a series of ten coordinated attacks by armed terrorists for three days resulted in 173 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to several heritage landmarks and prestigious hotels. However, the population of Mumbai in 2020 is estimated to be around 24.5 million to 25 million. This … The Malad-Dahisar region in the west and the Cembur-Govandi region in the east have grown the fastest, growing between 17 and 20% in the last 10 decades. [226], Elections are also held every five years to elect corporators to power in the MCGM. Bombay in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development. [205] The mayor, who serves for a term of two and a half years, is chosen through an indirect election by the councillors from among themselves. [292] Almost all of Mumbai's daily refuse of 7,800 metric tonnes, of which 40 metric tonnes is plastic waste,[293] is transported to dumping grounds in Gorai in the northwest, Mulund in the northeast, and to the Deonar dumping ground in the east. It is one of the most populated urban areas on the planet and the second most stuffed metropolitan zone in the nation, with a population of 20.7 million … In 2015, the population of Mumbai amounted to about 21.7 million inhabitants, showing an increase of approximately four million inhabitants compared to the year 2000. [89], The Mughal Empire, founded in 1526, was the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent during the mid-16th century. [110] The Sultanate's patronage led to the construction of many mosques, prominent being the Haji Ali Dargah in Worli, built in honour of the Muslim saint Haji Ali in 1431. [218] The Congress had dominated the politics of Bombay from independence until the early 1980s, when the Shiv Sena won the 1985 Bombay Municipal Corporation elections. Several other Indian language films such as Bengali, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu are also occasionally shot in Mumbai. In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. In the newer suburbs, modern buildings dominate the landscape. [396], Cricket is more popular than any other sport in the city. In the 2017 Premier Badminton League (also known as Vodafone PBL 2017 for sponsorship reasons) the Mumbai Rockets[411] beat the Hyderabad Hunters 3–1 to proceed to the final. [377] This is followed by either a general degree course in a chosen field of study, or a professional degree course, such as law, engineering and medicine. ", "3 Mumbaikars Who Are Changing The City All By Themselves", "What about Gateway of India, Banganga Tank? [86] From 1429 to 1431, the islands were a source of contention between the Gujarat Sultanate and the Bahmani Sultanate of Deccan. [143][144], Mumbai is the commercial capital of India and has evolved into a global financial hub. Mumbai will have an estimated population of 28 million. With a population density of over 277,136/km 2 (717,780/sq mi), Dharavi is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Using our new definition for Delhi UA, its annual 1991-2001 growth rate of 4.7 percent results in a 2007 population of 21.5 million. [140] In 2006, 209 people were killed and over 700 injured when seven bombs exploded on the city's commuter trains. Football is another popular sport in the city, with the FIFA World Cup and the English Premier League being followed widely. Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Mumbai is the largest city in the country and the ninth most crowded agglomeration in the globe. 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