Joseph is a thirteen year old boy who is fostered by Jack's parents. It is the pattern of a great deal of mythology, and that is what we were trying to suggest."[15]". The director of the film, Stanley Kubrick, and the writer, Arthur C. Clarke, wanted to leave the film open to philosophical and allegorical interpretation, purposely presenting the final sequences of the film without the underlying thread being apparent; a concept illustrated by the final shot of the film, which contains the image of the embryonic "Starchild". The next day, a monolith appears near the apes. [31] Each time the monolith is shown, man transcends to a different level of cognition, linking the primeval, futuristic and mystic segments of the film. Reprinted in: "The Film Director as Superstar" (Doubleday and Company: Garden City, New York, 1970) by Joseph Gelmis. [54], In a New York Times interview in 1968, Kubrick merely referred to the satellites as "spacecraft", as does the interviewer, but he observed that the match-cut from bone to spacecraft shows they evolved from "bone-as-weapon", stating "It's simply an observable fact that all of man's technology grew out of his discovery of the weapon-tool". Man can detect strong magnetic fields, fly to the moon, and have the ability to excavate. HAL is an artificial intelligence, a sentient, synthetic, life form. This is done by showing that without gravity, man must learn how to walk again; man must eat “baby food”; and need “toilet training.”. See what it means for life, too. In the next scene, another ape from an enemy tribe attempts to drink from their watering hole. This sound is a signal to the third monolith orbiting Jupiter and the Firstborns that man has advanced significantly and is ready to travel to another planet and eventually continue to the next step of the evolutionary process (Hayine). The tragic ending was too theatrical and black hat/white hat … He is reborn, an enhanced … Much as the previous few minutes of the film symbolize the absorption and the initial communication with the beings that created the monoliths (Chenmunka). The follow-up film 2010 further elaborates Clarke's explanation of HAL's breakdown. In each case, it is the first time the truly odious nature of the "monster" can be recognised as such, and only appears about halfway through the film. Jupiter is the largest planet of the solar system and hence as … ", The fact that the first tool used by the protohumans is a weapon to commit murder is only one of the challenging evolutionary and philosophic questions posed by the film. It goes by so quickly because it's not too long and it's so good. Its usage as a weapon enables his tribe to defeat the other tribe of apes occupying the water hole who have not learned how to use bones as weapons. Actually, it was an unprecedented situation for someone to do an essentially original literary work based on glimpses and segments of a film he had not yet seen in its entirety.[11]. * The discovery of four moons orbiting Jupiter, which showed that there are other objects not directly orbiting the Earth. And to a short, introductory narration, missing in the present version". [50] Over time, Kubrick decided that this would create too many associations with his previous film Dr. Strangelove and he decided not to make it so obvious that they were "war machines". The book explains the monolith much more specifically than the movie, depicting the first (on Earth) as a device capable of inducing a higher level of consciousness by directly interacting with the brain of pre-humans approaching it, the second (on the Moon) as an alarm signal designed to alert its creators that humanity had reached a sufficient technological level for space travel, and the third (near Jupiter in the movie but on a satellite of Saturn in the novel) as a gateway or portal to allow travel to other parts of the galaxy. [52], Alexander Walker in a book he wrote with Kubrick's assistance and authorisation, states that Kubrick eventually decided that as nuclear weapons the bombs had "no place at all in the film's thematic development", now being an "orbiting red herring" which would "merely have raised irrelevant questions to suggest this as a reality of the twenty-first century". Some species visited long ago has not only evolved intelligence, but intelligence sufficient to achieve space travel. In this interpretation, Jupiter represents both a female and an ovum.[25]. So, I’ve spent the last few days collecting and combining information from many sources (which I have cited using “(author name)”) to create a working understanding of the film. Or as desirable, given his programming to "only win 50% of the time" at chess, in order for the human astronauts to feel competitive. And finally there’s a third artifact placed in orbit around Jupiter and waiting for the time when man has reached the outer rim of his own solar system. Their sole purpose is to be the caretakers of the universe. According to Wheat, the three allegories are: Wheat uses evidence like acronyms to support his theories. What did Kubrick have to say about what 2001 "means"? "[41], Gerard Loughlin claimed in a 2003 book that the monolith is Kubrick's representation of the cinema screen itself: “it is a cinematic conceit, for turn the monolith on its side and one has the letterbox of the cinemascope screen, the blank rectangle on which the star-child appears, as does the entirety of Kubrick’s film. "[79] In contrast to Ciment's reading of a cut to a serene "other extreme of civilization", science fiction novelist Robert Sawyer, speaking in the Canadian documentary 2001 and Beyond, sees it as a cut from a bone to a nuclear weapons platform, explaining that "what we see is not how far we've leaped ahead, what we see is that today, '2001', and four million years ago on the African veldt, it's exactly the same—the power of mankind is the power of its weapons. There have been several: * The phases of the Venus, which showed that the Venus was orbiting the Sun and not the Earth. RELATED: Wonder Woman 1984 Ending Explained (In Detail) Fluctuating between grim atmospheric mood and flickers of a hopeful future, The Midnight Sky is essentially a manifesto on the innate connections we humans crave, especially in the midst of crisis, and the hopes, fears, and desires that spring forth from it. I will say that the God concept is at the heart of 2001 but not any traditional, anthropomorphic image of God. Orbiting Jupiter by Gary D. Schmidt 50 Questions Multiple Choice Includes KeyEditable Please see product preview to see a portion of the test. This includes a baby, his baby. God-like beings of "pure energy and intelligence" place the astronaut in a human zoo, where he passes his entire life with "no sense of time". Pietrobon himself puts the word "cannons" in quotation marks, perhaps to indicate the ambiguity of the structure. A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality study guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics. It's reasonable to assume that there must be, in fact, countless billions of such planets where biological life has arisen, and the odds of some proportion of such life developing intelligence are high. So I recommend to my middle-aged friends who find the movie bewildering that they should read the book; their teenage kids don't need to. A few published works by scientists on the subject of space exploration or space weapons tangentially discuss 2001: A Space Odyssey and assume at least some of the orbiting satellites are space weapons. Kubrick could probably have shot 2001 from a treatment, since most of what Clarke wrote, in particular some windy voice-overs which explained the level of intelligence reached by the ape men, the geological state of the world at the dawn of man, the problems of life on the Discovery and much more, was discarded during the last days of editing, along with the explanation of HAL's breakdown. He examines some food items provided for him, and notes that they are edible, yet clearly not made of any familiar substance from Earth. When the sun peeks above the top of the monolith, the monolith emits a loud, high pitched sound. The novel came about after we did a 130-page prose treatment of the film at the very outset. [24], Taking the allegory further, MacLeod argues that the final scenes in which Bowman appears to see a rapidly ageing version of himself through a "time warp" is actually Bowman witnessing the withering and death of his own species. Frederick Ordway, Kubrick's science advisor and technical consultant, stated that in an earlier script Poole tells HAL there is "... something about this mission that we weren't told. It stops short of hurtling over the to edge, thanks to empathetic, quietly remarkable characters drawn in quick but telling strokes. As they start to slowly calm down, they become more and more curious as they all reach to, and eventually and touch, the surface of the monolith, starting with the leader ape. There, we see the third monolith (TMA-2) floating in space. As usual, Earth and the humans on Earth are basically reduced to nothingness, like we deserve to be. APOD: 2002 December 7 - Jupiter, Io, and Shadow Explanation: Pictured above is the innermost of Jupiter's Galilean satellites, Io, superposed in front of the gas giant planet.To the left of Io is a dark spot that is Io's own shadow. If the film stirs the emotions and penetrates the subconscious of the viewer, if it stimulates, however inchoately, [their] mythological and religious yearnings and impulses, then it has succeeded. Norden, Eric. This may affect one's reading of the film as a whole. Yep, kill. For instance, Frank Poole watches a birthday transmission from his parents with what appears to be complete apathy. Kubrick’s point is that for a society to progress, there must be conflict. Arthur C. Clarke has referred to it as "the alien Swiss Army Knife";[29] or as Heywood Floyd speculates in the 1982 film 2010, "an emissary for an intelligence beyond ours. "[42] The internet-based film critic Rob Ager later produced a video essay also espousing this theory. In a 1968 interview with Playboy, Kubrick stated: You're free to speculate as you wish about the philosophical and allegorical meaning of the film—and such speculation is one indication that it has succeeded in gripping the audience at a deep level—but I don't want to spell out a verbal road map for 2001 that every viewer will feel obligated to pursue or else fear he's missed the point. The scene in which Frankenstein's monster is first shown on the loose is borrowed to depict the first murder by HAL of a member of Discovery One's crew—the empty pod, under HAL's control, extends its arms and "hands", and goes on a "rampage" directed towards astronaut Poole. The humans call this monolith “Tycho Magnetic Anomaly One,” or, “TMA-1” (Wikia). orbiting jupiter Once Jupiter’s gravity captures Juno, the spacecraft begins its carefully designed orbit that allows it to closely examine the planet while avoiding its harmful radiation . See Featured Authors Answering Questions Learn more A shape of some kind for something that has no shape. He has a child named Jupiter but he lost her. [23], New Zealand journalist Scott MacLeod sees parallels between the spaceship's journey and the physical act of conception. The film has been seen by many people not only as a literal story about evolution and space adventures, but as an allegorical representation of aspects of philosophical, religious or literary concepts. Even a Jupiter-sized planet only blocks roughly 1 percent of this kind of star’s light, and that’s about as big as a planet gets. When NASA noticed the signal emitted by TMA-1, they decided to send a handful of astronauts to Jupiter to discover what exactly the monolith’s piercing sound was pointing to. According to John Thurman, HAL’s very existence is an abomination, much like Frankenstein’s monster. When the surviving astronaut, Bowman, ultimately reaches Jupiter, this artifact sweeps him into a force field or star gate that hurls him on a journey through inner and outer space and finally transports him to another part of the galaxy. Man has now won the battle with his tools. The remaining letters, R, F, and L; occur in the word "reflect." Think about what you would have preferred to see happen. Challenges in contemporary theology), "Fanboys in the Ivory Tower: An Attempted Reconciliation of Science Fiction Film Academia and Fan Culture" By Dan Leberg –, "Kubrick's Frankenstein: HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey", Wikisource:Outer Space Treaty of 1967#Article IV, "In 2001, Will Love Be a Seven-letter Word? Ok, I know where you’ve been. After Bowman concludes that HAL is dutifully drawing up the "crew psychology report", the computer makes his false prediction of hardware failure. MacLeod also sees irony in man as a creator (of HAL) on the brink of being usurped by his own creation. Due to their appearance there are statements by members of the production staff who still refer to them as weapons. "[48] HAL then falsely predicts a failure of the hardware maintaining radio contact with Earth (the source of HAL's difficult orders) during the broadcast of Frank Poole's birthday greetings from his parents. [18], Donald MacGregor has analysed the film in terms of a different work, The Birth of Tragedy, in which Nietzsche refers to the human conflict between the Apollonian and Dionysian modes of being. . After the title sequence, the film opens up on Earth, specifically prehistoric Africa, where we are situated near a tribe of animals. What are the names of the three boys who Jack warns Joseph about? Clarke also referred to the "bone-to-bomb cut" in the earlier "Channel 4" documentary (1996) on Kubrick's larger body of work, See numerous reviews on "The Kubrick Site". 4/5 – a good book…definately worth a download. "[6] When told that Kubrick had called his comment 'facetious', Clarke responded, I still stand by this remark, which does not mean one can't enjoy the movie completely the first time around. And thus, man has tools. At the end of this selection, the family goes ice skating, but it wasn’t as easy as going to an ice rink. The year is now 1999~2001, and homo sapiens are getting close to mastering space travel. After the first encounter with the monolith, we see the leader of the apes have a quick flashback to the monolith after which he picks up a bone and uses it to smash other bones. 72 states "Captions on the following pages were prepared with the assistance of Messrs. Kubrick, Clarke, Trumball, and Pederson. During a game of chess, although easily victorious over Frank Poole, HAL makes a subtle mistake in the use of descriptive notation to describe a move, and when describing a forced mate, fails to mention moves that Poole could make to delay defeat. Write an alternate ending for the book. He said he did not deliberately strive for ambiguity, that it was simply an inevitable outcome of making the film non-verbal, though he acknowledged that this ambiguity was an invaluable asset to the film. The Monolith in the movie seems to represent and even trigger epic transitions in the history of human evolution, evolution of humans from ape-like beings to civilised people, hence the odyssey of humankind.[27][28]. He has reached human intelligence levels, and seems to have developed human traits of paranoia, jealousy and other emotions. Then you have a second artifact buried deep on the lunar surface and programmed to signal word of man’s first baby steps into the universe — a kind of cosmic burglar alarm. Life seems to have thrown Joseph Brook under the bus. Clarke's novel explicitly identifies the monolith as a tool created by extraterrestrials that have been through many stages of evolution, moving from organic forms, through biomechanics, and finally to a state of pure energy. Joseph's past has a lot in it. [20], 2001 has also been described as an allegory of human conception, birth, and death. Remember-your new ending must correlate with the entirety of the book and maintain coherency of the book. Production staff who continue to refer to "bombs" (in addition to Clarke) include production designer Harry Lange (previously a space industry illustrator), who has since the film's release shown his original production sketches for all of the spacecraft to Simon Atkinson, who refers to seeing "the orbiting bombs". You must choose one of these options and post your response. [30] Carolyn Geduld believes that what "structurally unites all four episodes of the film" is the monolith, the film's largest and most unresolvable enigma. Moving on from Toxic Filipino Relationships in “My Ex and Whys” (2017), Jedi Confidential: Inside the Dark New ‘Star Wars’ Movie, Dark Phoenix: A Coming-Of-Age Tale About Building a Better America, Review: ‘the Biggest Little Farm’ — A Pastoral Reality Check, How a Movie Reminded me that High School was Terrible, Section III: Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite, To encourage development of new species throughout the universe, To eliminate any issues before they get out of control, On Earth, specifically in prehistoric Africa near a tribe of apes, In a 3rd dimensional construct in the 5th dimension, Man’s tool transforms into “man,” while man transforms into “tool”. Throughout the article, I’ve added direct quotes of Kubrick’s, backing up parts of my information. Nor is his necessarily the 'right' one – whatever that means. A wandering Jupiter in the early solar system may explain why our planetary neighborhood looks so different, scientists say. And why does he wind up in some cosmic hotel suite at the end of it? Kubrick, notoriously reluctant to provide any explanation of his work, never publicly stated the intended functions of the orbiting satellites, preferring instead to let the viewer surmise what their purpose might be. The jump cuts continue to the point when Dave is on his deathbed. “The Making of Kubrick’s 2001” edited by Jerome Agel, “The Making of Stanley Kubrick’s ‘2001: A Space Odyssey’” by Piers Bizony, SciFi StackExchange: “What is the end of 2001: A Space Odyssey About?”, Quora: “What is the significance of the monolith?”. When you think of the giant technological strides that man has made in a few millennia—less than a microsecond in the chronology of the universe—can you imagine the evolutionary development that much older life forms have taken? He raises a finger toward the monolith, a gesture that alludes to the Michelangelo painting of The Creation of Adam, with the monolith representing God. There were some far-fetched plot points like the coincidence of the librarian who also happened to be Jupiter’s foster family. Finally, noting that D might stand for "downfall," Wheat concludes that Floyd's name has a hidden meaning: "Helen and wooden horse reflect Troy's downfall. "[12], In an interview for Rolling Stone magazine, Kubrick said "On the deepest psychological level the film's plot symbolizes the search for God, and it finally postulates what is little less than a scientific definition of God . ORBITING JUPITER was named a Best Book by PW, but not SLJ. The psychedelic photo was snapped by NASA ’s Juno spacecraft, which is currently orbiting Jupiter. Having these abilities allows man to find a monolith under the surface of the moon which we now know to be the second one. Knowing there are two chapters left, what final outcome in this story would be your worst nightmare? A 100 humans need to be used to create one vile of the youth se… [78], The perception that the satellites are bombs persists in the mind of some but by no means all commentators on the film. A Jupiter-like planet called HD106906 b, which orbits two stars 336 light-years away, could shed light on the hypothesised member of our Solar System … As a result, there's a difference between the novel and the film. Although the film leaves it mysterious, early script drafts made clear that HAL's breakdown is triggered by authorities on Earth who order him to withhold information from the astronauts about the purpose of the mission (this is also explained in the film's sequel 2010). MacGregor argues that David Bowman in his transformation has regained his Dionysian side. He's lost his girlfriend, they took away his baby, and he's been jailed. Orbiting Jupiter is no exception, though instead of being aimed at middle grade kids, it is definitely for high school age teens. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWalker2000 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGriffith (, This documentary is featured on the 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) Special Edition DVD released in 2007. To Dave, he is being transported through time and space all while receiving vast amounts of the Firstborn’s information. The film revolves around this metaphysical conception, and the realistic hardware and the documentary feelings about everything were necessary in order to undermine your built-in resistance to the poetical concept. HAL is so man-like that it turns into man itself. Upon excavation, after remaining buried beneath the lunar surface for four million years, the monolith is examined by humans for the first time, and it emits a powerful radio signal—the target of which becomes Discovery One's mission. Note on pg. 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